Longitudinal Centre of Buoyancy (LCB)

Determine the longitudinal position of the buoyancy centre using hydrostatic moments or sectional areas with Simpson’s rule.

Result — Hydrostatic Moment

LCB from AP: m

LCB (% LPP from AP): %

Enter inputs to compute.
Result — Simpson Integration

LCB from AP: m

LCB (% LPP from AP): %

Enter inputs to compute.

What is the Longitudinal Centre of Buoyancy (LCB)?

The longitudinal centre of buoyancy (LCB) is the fore-and-aft position of the centroid of the underwater volume of a ship. It represents the point through which the resultant buoyant force acts in the longitudinal direction.

Definition

LCB is defined as the first longitudinal moment of the displaced volume divided by the total displacement volume:

LCB = ∫x dV / ∇

where x is measured from a chosen longitudinal datum, typically the aft perpendicular (AP) or forward perpendicular (FP).

Hydrostatic moment method

When hydrostatic data is available, LCB can be calculated directly from the longitudinal first moment of displacement volume. This method is commonly used during detailed design and stability analysis.

Sectional area integration

If sectional area data is available along the ship length, LCB may be determined by integrating sectional areas and their longitudinal positions using Simpson’s rule. This approach is suitable for preliminary design and fairing studies.

Engineering significance

The longitudinal position of buoyancy has a direct influence on trim and longitudinal equilibrium. Differences between LCB and the longitudinal centre of gravity (LCG) result in trimming moments.

Reporting conventions

LCB is commonly reported as a distance from AP, from FP, or as a percentage of LPP. Consistent use of datum and sign convention is essential when comparing values.

Limitations and correct use

  • LCB is always draft-specific and varies with loading condition.
  • Integration methods assume equal station spacing unless otherwise specified.
  • Empirical estimates are not suitable for final trim calculations.
  • Final values should be verified using hydrostatic curves or CAD models.

Related calculators

Tip: Always ensure that LCB and LCG are referenced to the same datum and loading condition when performing trim calculations.