Compute ηH via coefficients (w, t) or via forces & speeds (T, RT, Va, Vs).
ηH: —
Va used: — kn
w (if derived): —
t (if derived): —
PE & PT (if available): —
Thrust–resistance relation: \( T = \dfrac{R_T}{1-t} \), advance speed: \( V_a = V_s(1-w) \).
Hull efficiency: \( \eta_H = \dfrac{1-t}{1-w} = \dfrac{P_T}{P_E} \), where \( P_T=T V_a \) and \( P_E=R_T V_s \).
Typical ηH ranges roughly 0.95–1.3; values >1 occur when wake fraction exceeds thrust deduction.
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